Western Classical Music (WCM) or Indian Classical Music (ICM); which is the superior genre? An urge to discern the delicate discrimination between the two divine forms of music has beguiled my ignorant mind, ever since I assumed pretensions of being a WCM connoisseur, through my myriad associations with maestros in the domain. Must confess though, my own vainglorious efforts at learning the violin has contributed, not insignificantly, to the affair.
Not that my appreciation of ICM is any more illustrious! Thanks, largely to attendance at carnatic music concerts during the formative ears, and a short stab at learning vocal carnatic music (contemporaneously), I perceive (could be incorrectly though!) to have developed an eye (or ear, in this case) for the divine stuff belted out by Indian classical musicians.
Comparisons, they say, are odious. Specially, when it involves exalted styles of music. And, it becomes doubly so, when engaged in by frivolous minds (like that of yours truly), with no formal underpinnings on either of the art forms. Whatever be the allegations (the cognoscenti contend that the extent of my knowledge (or the lack of it) on the subtler nuances of both forms of music can be equated to that of an ignoramus), no one can blame me for not being a rasika alike of Chopin or Chowdaiah. Period.
So on to the great debate! My beliefs have been built based on discussions with two towering personalities in WCM and ICM, both of whom I hold in very high esteem. I refer to Biju Lawrence - currently my younger son's violin guru (and formerly mine), and the Late Sadanam Murukajyoti - my elder son's maddalom guru. Both the maestros have had the benefit of formal education in learning to play the instruments that they wield with gay abandon, much to the pleasure of their devoted listeners. The first difference crops up here. While Biju has had the privilege of formal training in an academic setup (the Associate Board of Royal School of Music of London, going on to earn a Diploma from the institute), Murukajyoti was steeped in the traditional gurukulam style of didactic learning at the famous Kathakali centre at Sadanam, Kerala. Both qualified (with distinction, one has no doubt) from the respective hallowed portals, and went on to play (and create) music that is divine. So, the inevitable Q! What sets apart one form from the other, and as a corollary, which form is better? Any answers there?
The next major difference relates to the way music is played. WCM is structured and institutionalized through documentary artefacts like musical notes and sheet music. For instance, a musical composition can be played exactly as it was intended to, by the composer. Thus you get to hear a Bach or Beethoven piece (composed at the turn of the 18th/19th century) in all its pristine glory - accents, tones, dynamics, key signatures and all. No scope for any adulterations there! This undeniably, lends it a quaint historical edge. However, it is moot, if such rigorous adherence to originals, robs WCM of creativity and ingenuity, since the instrument player is restricted to "greatness" only on the basis of her/his virtuoso performance, and not on how she/ he can improvise on the original composition.
ICM, on the other hand, is not held hostage to such severity. Owing to the fact that it is usually taught by 'word of mouth', ICM lends itself to improvisations that at times, result in the generation of sublime creations. For instance, would the vistaaram of "pranava swaroopa vakratundam" from "vaatapi ganapatim" have been as melodious and entrancing had not Yesudas and TN Krishnan lend their own delightful variations to the original? As any self-respecting guru is quick to acknowledge, "prodigy shishyas", in emulating their gurus, often have a way of surpassing them in performance. Doesn't ICM have an edge in moulding geniuses then? Moot question that!
The last word on the subject however, has to be privileged to the venerable Nobel laureate, Rabindranath Tagore, who chose to take the wind out of the sails of such superfluous arguments by putting it rather succinctly "Music is the universal language. Here, one soul speaks to another."
Touche, is all one can offer to that!
Sunday, February 21, 2010
Thursday, February 18, 2010
Desi ingenuity defeats state-of-the-art authentication mechanism
Authentication in the digital domain is a tough nut to crack. Beginning with permitting authorised personnel to their workplace (that is a vertical in itself, and goes by the name of access control), through allowing users secure access to their compute infrastructure/ workstations, to accounting for electronic signatures, it covers the gamut of operations that makes ones (and the security administrator's) life secure in the digital domain.
There are myriad technologies that come to the rescue of the harried systems administrator, who is usually the one saddled with this unenviable task - that of ensuring fool-proof authentication mechanisms for the organisation's burgeoning information assets and to its premises per se. Most (if not all) solutions use either one, or a combination of what is classically quoted by the security engineer as "what you know", "what you have", and "what you are" (By now you would have guessed that like other professionals, the IT guy too, revels in propagating her/his lingo, if not for anything else, to observe the discomfiture of mere mortals squirming in discomfort at their abysmal ignorance).
Be that as it may, some illumination, on the (dense) pronouncements made in the previous paragraph is considered inescapable. The pecking order begins with "What you know" (WYK), that (in plain-speak) refers to "user id" and "password" ('cause that's what only you (at least theoretically!)"know!). Most rudimentary systems easily survive with this basic level of authentication instruments. At the next level are the "What you have" (WYH) contraptions. These are essentially chip based cards (of the size of a credit card, that you carry, and therefore you "have") that contain some unique information about the entity to be authenticated (that's geek-speak for the guy authorised to hold the card!). These could be "contact" or "contact-less", meaning, one either needs to slip the token (that's the card's other name!) into a slot on a card-reader (just like one inserts an ATM card to draw out money, although with an ATM, the results are far more encouraging!), or hold it close enough for the card reader to recognise its presence. The proximity at which the card reader recognises the card (that reminds me - this kind of a token is also called a proximity card - and you know where it derives this name from) has a lot to do with the way it communicates to the card (radio frequency being just one such medium). Finally, at the highest echelon, sits the snobbish "What you are" (WYA) devices. These require additional hardware (wonder why I didn't use that terminology before) in the form of biometric readers, iris scan devices, voice-recognition systems, retina scan devices (just listening to that jargon drives the IT security types to the Big O!) etc. to authenticate (perfectly normal) human beings by using their unique biological assets (these incidentally have nothing in common to the "assets" that drive the Big O, but make you, what you "are").
As one may have guessed by now, the security of the authentication system is built layer by layer, with the bottom-most rung comprising systems with WYK devices. As we move up the value-chain, systems begin to deploy a combination of two concepts (WYH and WYK), till we come to the really pricey ones (in more ways than one), that employ all three concepts (WYK + WYH + WYA).
All systems are known to suffer from false negatives (yet another geek-speak, that refers to the system failing to recognise an authorised entity) or false positives (that's when a crook is allowed access), some more so than the others. For instance, a sore throat may render the voice-recognition system unable to recognise a valid user. Ditto for an infection in the eye with the iris scan. As regards, biometrics, it is touted as the closest to a fool-proof authentication system. And that's when the infamous Indian ingenuity checks in.
Employees of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), who were issued with biometric cards to punch in their entry to workplaces for marking attendance have come up with the ludicrous claim that diabetes has prevented the biometric readers from recognising them. As one can imagine, there is more to it than meets the eye. The real reason apparently is that over 20,000 employees were being paid without fingering in their hours. Roughly a third of these, reportedly afflicted with the condition, have blamed diabetes for causing their fingers to wrinkle or crack and, subsequently, the biometric system failing to recognize them. The skeptics however, have called their bluff claiming that those who blame their affliction are trying to skip work without being noticed. Local doctors have also found the reasoning of the diabetics questionable as they have never seen such results in diabetic patients in the past (refer Hindustan Times of 15 Jan 2010).
As they say man proposes, and technology dispossesses.
There are myriad technologies that come to the rescue of the harried systems administrator, who is usually the one saddled with this unenviable task - that of ensuring fool-proof authentication mechanisms for the organisation's burgeoning information assets and to its premises per se. Most (if not all) solutions use either one, or a combination of what is classically quoted by the security engineer as "what you know", "what you have", and "what you are" (By now you would have guessed that like other professionals, the IT guy too, revels in propagating her/his lingo, if not for anything else, to observe the discomfiture of mere mortals squirming in discomfort at their abysmal ignorance).
Be that as it may, some illumination, on the (dense) pronouncements made in the previous paragraph is considered inescapable. The pecking order begins with "What you know" (WYK), that (in plain-speak) refers to "user id" and "password" ('cause that's what only you (at least theoretically!)"know!). Most rudimentary systems easily survive with this basic level of authentication instruments. At the next level are the "What you have" (WYH) contraptions. These are essentially chip based cards (of the size of a credit card, that you carry, and therefore you "have") that contain some unique information about the entity to be authenticated (that's geek-speak for the guy authorised to hold the card!). These could be "contact" or "contact-less", meaning, one either needs to slip the token (that's the card's other name!) into a slot on a card-reader (just like one inserts an ATM card to draw out money, although with an ATM, the results are far more encouraging!), or hold it close enough for the card reader to recognise its presence. The proximity at which the card reader recognises the card (that reminds me - this kind of a token is also called a proximity card - and you know where it derives this name from) has a lot to do with the way it communicates to the card (radio frequency being just one such medium). Finally, at the highest echelon, sits the snobbish "What you are" (WYA) devices. These require additional hardware (wonder why I didn't use that terminology before) in the form of biometric readers, iris scan devices, voice-recognition systems, retina scan devices (just listening to that jargon drives the IT security types to the Big O!) etc. to authenticate (perfectly normal) human beings by using their unique biological assets (these incidentally have nothing in common to the "assets" that drive the Big O, but make you, what you "are").
As one may have guessed by now, the security of the authentication system is built layer by layer, with the bottom-most rung comprising systems with WYK devices. As we move up the value-chain, systems begin to deploy a combination of two concepts (WYH and WYK), till we come to the really pricey ones (in more ways than one), that employ all three concepts (WYK + WYH + WYA).
All systems are known to suffer from false negatives (yet another geek-speak, that refers to the system failing to recognise an authorised entity) or false positives (that's when a crook is allowed access), some more so than the others. For instance, a sore throat may render the voice-recognition system unable to recognise a valid user. Ditto for an infection in the eye with the iris scan. As regards, biometrics, it is touted as the closest to a fool-proof authentication system. And that's when the infamous Indian ingenuity checks in.
Employees of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), who were issued with biometric cards to punch in their entry to workplaces for marking attendance have come up with the ludicrous claim that diabetes has prevented the biometric readers from recognising them. As one can imagine, there is more to it than meets the eye. The real reason apparently is that over 20,000 employees were being paid without fingering in their hours. Roughly a third of these, reportedly afflicted with the condition, have blamed diabetes for causing their fingers to wrinkle or crack and, subsequently, the biometric system failing to recognize them. The skeptics however, have called their bluff claiming that those who blame their affliction are trying to skip work without being noticed. Local doctors have also found the reasoning of the diabetics questionable as they have never seen such results in diabetic patients in the past (refer Hindustan Times of 15 Jan 2010).
As they say man proposes, and technology dispossesses.
Monday, February 15, 2010
How I got hooked to Western classical music
Till I finished my undergrad education, I was an Indian Classical music aficionado. This state of affairs stemmed due to non-exposure to the divine form of Western Classical Music (WCM), having been brought up and educated in the laid back little town of Bhilai and the not-so-sleepy-but-definitely-non-urban milieu of Raipur. My induction to the Navy changed that forever. The naval band, brass, percussion and all, playing their mellifluous tunes, was the only saving grace during an otherwise rigourous training phase at NAVAC (the Academy), that tested ones physical (not to mention, psychological) endurance to its limits.
For the uninitiated, a short treatise, on the canvas of action viz. the revered parade ground, is in order. The landscape was terrorising to say the least! Here, many a sorry soul, had bitten the dust literally, forced as they were, to run around the perimeter - often 5 to 20 times - carrying the (~6.10 kg) rifle up in the air. This, for misdemeanours that would, in the civilised world, have at most, earned a questionable look! Then there were the much dreaded Drill Masters, wizened (through an overdose of imbibing, and "not-so-diplomatic" visits to foreign ports, if one were to hazard a guess!), with their stentorian boom and a homicidal demeanour. Hushed whispers in the corridors of NAVAC had it that under the penetrating gaze of these hoary gentlemen (?!), doughty devils had been known to soggy their derriere; as for the state of lesser mortals, the less said the better!
Despite their imperfections, the bi-weekly parade, with the naval band in full regalia, was an event that I used to enjoy, much to the chagrin of my beloved course-mates. I think, I had this thing for music. With the band in full flow, the drudgery of the dreary parade used to be transformed into a voyage of nirvana. To the extent that, I used to look forward in anticipation to the fortnightly affair, with the zeal and expectation, much as would a beggar, famished and starving for days, await a full meal. Don't think masochism has any limits!
Enough of digressions. Let me get back to the story of my tryst with WCM, that had all the elements of a classic love affair. It began with a crush, meandered through courtship and love, and culminated in a life-long relationship of loyalty and worship. Once, during the parade practice, the band played a haunting but unknown melody. Promptly, I stole some time from the busy (and tightly monitored) schedule, to meet up with the Band Master, with a view to investigate the matter. Mind you, there were life-threatening situations galore in this exercise! for instance, the place where the band used to practice, was out of bound for us (as were most other places in the Academy). This meant that one had to sneak stealthily during this enterprise, lest one be accosted by one of the dreaded Divisional Officers (Divos) or his henchmen, for punishments for infringements could be brutal and gruesome, bordering on the grave. But, fortune favours the brave! So, without any untoward incident, I kept my date with the Band Master, and, the rest, as they say, is history.
The venerable Master Chief (Musician) Petty Officer Class II, SM Lawrence (if I remember the name correctly), opened up an enchanting vista for me that had hitherto been unexplored. There was no looking back thereafter. I was besotted to the creations of Bach and Beethoven. And, as if that were not enough, you had the pieces from Haydn, Brahms, Mozart, Strauss, Bizet, and a host of other equally consummate composers to contend with. Later, once the infatuation ebbed (to be replaced with a more maturer phase of love) I had occasions to debate the superiority/ inferiority of WCM vis-a-vis classical Indian music with some veterans and maestros in the respective fields, without any clear answers forthcoming. But, that's another story. In any case, why bother, as long as both forms of music contribute to unalloyed listening pleasure!
For the uninitiated, a short treatise, on the canvas of action viz. the revered parade ground, is in order. The landscape was terrorising to say the least! Here, many a sorry soul, had bitten the dust literally, forced as they were, to run around the perimeter - often 5 to 20 times - carrying the (~6.10 kg) rifle up in the air. This, for misdemeanours that would, in the civilised world, have at most, earned a questionable look! Then there were the much dreaded Drill Masters, wizened (through an overdose of imbibing, and "not-so-diplomatic" visits to foreign ports, if one were to hazard a guess!), with their stentorian boom and a homicidal demeanour. Hushed whispers in the corridors of NAVAC had it that under the penetrating gaze of these hoary gentlemen (?!), doughty devils had been known to soggy their derriere; as for the state of lesser mortals, the less said the better!
Despite their imperfections, the bi-weekly parade, with the naval band in full regalia, was an event that I used to enjoy, much to the chagrin of my beloved course-mates. I think, I had this thing for music. With the band in full flow, the drudgery of the dreary parade used to be transformed into a voyage of nirvana. To the extent that, I used to look forward in anticipation to the fortnightly affair, with the zeal and expectation, much as would a beggar, famished and starving for days, await a full meal. Don't think masochism has any limits!
Enough of digressions. Let me get back to the story of my tryst with WCM, that had all the elements of a classic love affair. It began with a crush, meandered through courtship and love, and culminated in a life-long relationship of loyalty and worship. Once, during the parade practice, the band played a haunting but unknown melody. Promptly, I stole some time from the busy (and tightly monitored) schedule, to meet up with the Band Master, with a view to investigate the matter. Mind you, there were life-threatening situations galore in this exercise! for instance, the place where the band used to practice, was out of bound for us (as were most other places in the Academy). This meant that one had to sneak stealthily during this enterprise, lest one be accosted by one of the dreaded Divisional Officers (Divos) or his henchmen, for punishments for infringements could be brutal and gruesome, bordering on the grave. But, fortune favours the brave! So, without any untoward incident, I kept my date with the Band Master, and, the rest, as they say, is history.
The venerable Master Chief (Musician) Petty Officer Class II, SM Lawrence (if I remember the name correctly), opened up an enchanting vista for me that had hitherto been unexplored. There was no looking back thereafter. I was besotted to the creations of Bach and Beethoven. And, as if that were not enough, you had the pieces from Haydn, Brahms, Mozart, Strauss, Bizet, and a host of other equally consummate composers to contend with. Later, once the infatuation ebbed (to be replaced with a more maturer phase of love) I had occasions to debate the superiority/ inferiority of WCM vis-a-vis classical Indian music with some veterans and maestros in the respective fields, without any clear answers forthcoming. But, that's another story. In any case, why bother, as long as both forms of music contribute to unalloyed listening pleasure!
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Data Centres - The latest bugaboo in sustainable computing
Going by the concerns in Data Centre (DC) heat reduction (and, as a consequence, the very sustainability of these power hungry behemoths), it's a no-brainer guessing that a path-breaking innovation in arresting the power consumption at DCs would instantly be in the run for a Nobel.
First some facts. It is estimated that 1 % of the total energy produced (globally) is consumed by the server farms of Google's Data Centres. In fact, a third of the spend of any self-respecting IT firm is swallowed up by its energy requirements. Hence, the new-found activism of environmentalists in targeting this sector.
There is no gainsaying that we need efficient means of addressing these issues. Life without Google and Amazon is now unimaginable. No doubt that IT brings in revolutionary changes in lifestyle that facilitates our very existence. However, the unbridled growth allowed to the industry has resulted in these profit centres paying scant regard to the devastation that they cause to the environment.
Rather late in the day, they appear to have woken up and are indeed trying to make amends. For instance, there is a proposal to shift massive server infrastructure and data centres to Rejkyavick (Iceland) where, huge savings in air-conditioning is envisaged to be achieved because of the ambient temperatures. In another interesting development, a church in Finland, with a large basement (that was a bunker-cum-safety hideout from WW-II bombing) is a potential candidate for the same purpose. The idea here is however, a little different. It is proposed to trap the heat generated by the data centres, pipe it, and supply it to meet the entire heating requirement of the city where the church is housed.
The IT industry is forced to innovate now not only for the conventional reasons (processors, networks, hardware, software, the web etc.) but also to address critical global warming issues. One thing is for sure; there is no dearth of innovators in the industry. One wonders, if only the Microsofts, the Apples, the Ciscos and the Oracles would get together on this issue, some revolutionary breakthrough would indeed be forthcoming. Till such time, it's fingers crossed, and Oh yes, the Nobel waits!
First some facts. It is estimated that 1 % of the total energy produced (globally) is consumed by the server farms of Google's Data Centres. In fact, a third of the spend of any self-respecting IT firm is swallowed up by its energy requirements. Hence, the new-found activism of environmentalists in targeting this sector.
There is no gainsaying that we need efficient means of addressing these issues. Life without Google and Amazon is now unimaginable. No doubt that IT brings in revolutionary changes in lifestyle that facilitates our very existence. However, the unbridled growth allowed to the industry has resulted in these profit centres paying scant regard to the devastation that they cause to the environment.
Rather late in the day, they appear to have woken up and are indeed trying to make amends. For instance, there is a proposal to shift massive server infrastructure and data centres to Rejkyavick (Iceland) where, huge savings in air-conditioning is envisaged to be achieved because of the ambient temperatures. In another interesting development, a church in Finland, with a large basement (that was a bunker-cum-safety hideout from WW-II bombing) is a potential candidate for the same purpose. The idea here is however, a little different. It is proposed to trap the heat generated by the data centres, pipe it, and supply it to meet the entire heating requirement of the city where the church is housed.
The IT industry is forced to innovate now not only for the conventional reasons (processors, networks, hardware, software, the web etc.) but also to address critical global warming issues. One thing is for sure; there is no dearth of innovators in the industry. One wonders, if only the Microsofts, the Apples, the Ciscos and the Oracles would get together on this issue, some revolutionary breakthrough would indeed be forthcoming. Till such time, it's fingers crossed, and Oh yes, the Nobel waits!
Friday, December 4, 2009
Does this qualify for "Moderate" Exercise
Does the following qualify as 'moderate' exercise
(a) Thinking about having a drink - Mental Calisthenics (MC)
(b) Having made up ones mind, walking up to the bar cabinet with slow, steadied, deliberate steps - Physical Calisthenics (PC).
(Caveat - May also involve a sub stage (b1) - in the form of taking a stealthy detour to approach the bar in an effort to avoid a tete-a-tete with the better half who may (more often than not!) intervene and modify the decision making process! – PC)
(c) Having reached the reservoir, opening up the heavy redwood door to choose the drink - PC
(d) Contemplating on the choice of ambrosia from the 'bevy of beauties' lined up in the cabinet (the Glen family, the blended scotch variety, Russian, Cuban, French, Californian, .... - Gawd, so many choices and so little time - gimme a break!) - MC.
(This is an MC at its best, even the likes of Vishwanathan Anand (the mental master that he is!) have been known to suffer nervous breakdowns attempting the exercise.)
(e) Reaching for the glass door to the cabinet that houses the crystal ware (Waterford, Ricci …. ?) and mentally assign the glass ware to be blessed with the fluid to be imbibed. - MC
(g) Psychologically and physiologically exhausted by now, managing to pour the equivalent of three score and a half (in ml) of the selected amber fluid into the chosen glass. - PC
(f) Deciding whether to add an additional liquefied mix of two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen (with a dash of carbon-di-oxide for good measure), or a solidified mix of the concoction of hydrogen and oxygen, or better still, shove the contents of the glass down the gullet, on the rocks. – MC
(g) Carrying out the task at para (f) above - PC
(Note-This exercise can be repeated ad infinitum (of course at the cost for earning the wrath of your better half!) for top order benefits.
Phew! Just writing about it has sapped my energies and primed my thirst glands. I need ‘Something Special’ now.
(a) Thinking about having a drink - Mental Calisthenics (MC)
(b) Having made up ones mind, walking up to the bar cabinet with slow, steadied, deliberate steps - Physical Calisthenics (PC).
(Caveat - May also involve a sub stage (b1) - in the form of taking a stealthy detour to approach the bar in an effort to avoid a tete-a-tete with the better half who may (more often than not!) intervene and modify the decision making process! – PC)
(c) Having reached the reservoir, opening up the heavy redwood door to choose the drink - PC
(d) Contemplating on the choice of ambrosia from the 'bevy of beauties' lined up in the cabinet (the Glen family, the blended scotch variety, Russian, Cuban, French, Californian, .... - Gawd, so many choices and so little time - gimme a break!) - MC.
(This is an MC at its best, even the likes of Vishwanathan Anand (the mental master that he is!) have been known to suffer nervous breakdowns attempting the exercise.)
(e) Reaching for the glass door to the cabinet that houses the crystal ware (Waterford, Ricci …. ?) and mentally assign the glass ware to be blessed with the fluid to be imbibed. - MC
(g) Psychologically and physiologically exhausted by now, managing to pour the equivalent of three score and a half (in ml) of the selected amber fluid into the chosen glass. - PC
(f) Deciding whether to add an additional liquefied mix of two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen (with a dash of carbon-di-oxide for good measure), or a solidified mix of the concoction of hydrogen and oxygen, or better still, shove the contents of the glass down the gullet, on the rocks. – MC
(g) Carrying out the task at para (f) above - PC
(Note-This exercise can be repeated ad infinitum (of course at the cost for earning the wrath of your better half!) for top order benefits.
Phew! Just writing about it has sapped my energies and primed my thirst glands. I need ‘Something Special’ now.
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